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Source: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/1013
April 2020
4.4. Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity
Strong evidence has shown that high amounts of sedentary behaviour are associated with increased risks of several chronic conditions and mortality [5,6,38]. Prolonged TV viewing time is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), CVD, and all-cause mortality [36]. Other authors showed that prolonged sedentary time is independently associated with deleterious health outcomes, regardless of PA [6]. Such results are strongly related to our findings, in which sedentary time and TV-viewing were higher in the highest MetSSS participants. In addition, our results are similar to previous observations in which total sedentary time increased as the number of MetS components did [39], and greater levels of sedentary time, independent of other levels of PA, was associated with being metabolically unhealthy and high levels of sedentary time were strongly related to a higher likelihood of MetS [7].
Previous evidence has shown that PA decreases the risk of developing MetS and is an important component of CVD prevention [40]. Conversely, the lack of PA is a major cause of chronic diseases and suggests an inverse relationship between PA level and MetS, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and T2DM. An excess of weight and lack of PA are two important determinants of MetS [4]. Lack of PA explains a greater amount of the variance of MetS than any other factors of lifestyle, education, sex, and family history, and substantially mitigates the strong association of age and BMI with MetS [12,41].
Previous findings have also shown that high levels of moderate-intensity PA seem to decrease the increased risk of death associated with high sitting time, and to mitigate the increased risk associated with high levels of TV-viewing time [42]. Therefore, all these findings agree with our results (lack of PA among the highest MetSSS subjects).
Lower-body strength is important for the maintaining of functional mobility and preventing or delaying the onset of disability, and the chair stand test provides information on declines in mobility in older adults and is a measure used to identify frail individuals [19]. Compared to non-institutionalized Spanish older adults [43], our highest MetSSS participants showed less repetitions in the chair stand test, and thus, less low-body strength.
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